The Performance Marketer’s Field Guide to #AdWords #Ad #Extensions: Part II

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The Performance Marketer’s Field Guide to AdWords Ad Extensions: Part I

Ad extensions are a way to give potential customers useful and relevant info beyond a regular text ad.  You can win a customer’s consideration, convince her of your value, or drive her right to a conversion.  Ask yourself which extensions would fit with your keywords and fulfill a potential user’s needs.

People engage with ads that have extensions.  Seller ratings give users confidence in your website.  Call extensions connect customers right to your employees.  Advertisers spend lots of time optimizing their ad text (which is great), but you should know that implementing extensions is typically a more impactful way to improve CTR.   An ad extension adds value to potential customers just by being present.  Additionally, with the recent changes to ad rank, extensions have become an increasingly important part of getting your ads noticed.

Every type of extension that we offer is intended to benefit our users, which translates to a higher CTR for you.  Many, such as sitelinks, show improvements of 10-20%.

There are tangible and measurable gains to giving users more information, and extensions are auto-optimized to show the best possible combination on each and every auction.  Sometimes the “best possible combination” translates to areas aside from CTR - users may get value from seeing a phone number on a desktop ad (i.e. a direct connection to your business via a phone number) even if that doesn’t translate to a routine click.

We’ve also found that more information is a good thing, which means that ads with multiple extensions perform better than ads with only one extension.  Identify which extensions work for your business and implement them.  The best combination of these extensions is automatically determined on an auction-by-auction basis.

Enabling extensions is a good thing, but remember that your extensions are most likely not going to show 100% of the time.  Only certain positions are eligible to show certain extensions.

There are lots of extensions in existence (and even more in beta).  While this set of options will continue to evolve, here is what is presently available and where they can appear on the page:

Note: Search Partner site owners choose what, if any, formats they allow, so not everything will show by default.

As you can see, placement on the results page determines which of your extensions can be shown.  If you know you have great extensions in place for users, watch your average position and placement to ensure that your extensions are showing as often as possible.

Things to Remember

  Google try to show as many relevant formats as possible in the available space.  Since there are so many moving pieces, there’s no way to prioritize which extensions you want to show.  Enable whatever makes sense for your customers and let the AdWords system decide within those options.  The specific extensions that are displayed are a function of your previous performance, user context and available space on the page.

Clicks on extensions are typically charged the same price you would be charged for a click on your ad.  There are a few exceptions, though.  The below types of interactions are all free:

• Phone calls from your forwarding number on call extensions that show on desktops/tablets 
• Links to reviews from seller ratings extensions
• Clicks to the review site on your review extensions
• Clicks on +1 button or a link to your Google+ page

In many cases there isn’t a lot to optimize for extensions.  Implementation is the only step to take for a practitioner, but that doesn’t mean you can enable them and never think of them again.  Be aware of what’s going on in your account so that you know you’re saying the things your customers want to hear.

Reporting on Extensions

Report on how your extensions are doing by taking a quick snapshot of before and after implementation.  Take note of when you turned on certain extensions and compare dates in the interface to ensure you’re heading the right direction.  This isn’t going to be a perfect solution, as there are lots of other variables present over that same timeframe, but it should give you directional evidence regarding your account’s performance.

Segment your reports by click type to see detailed performance for many of your extensions.  Anything that’s active in that time period will appear as its own type of click.  There isn’t any reporting on the extensions that appear automatically (seller ratings, social annotations, previous visit annotations).

Extensions are a proven way to provide value to users and increase your ad’s CTR.  Implementing every type of extension that makes sense for you should benefit both your users and your account.

Improving Ad Rank to show more relevant ad extensions and formats

When people use Google to research and buy things, they're interested in the most relevant and useful results. Ad extensions help by providing more information to potential customers and additional ways for them to respond. For example, they can call your business number, see your business location on a map, or choose an even more relevant landing page that you're promoting with sitelinks. Ad extensions typically improve clickthrough rate and overall campaign performance because they make ads more useful.

Today, Google announced improvements in the AdWords auction that let us more consistently show more relevant ad extensions and formats.

Ad Rank improvements

 Google system for ordering ads on search results pages uses a calculation called Ad Rank. Previously, Ad Rank was calculated using max CPC bid and your Quality Score. With this update, Ad Rank will also take into account a third component: the expected impact from your ad extensions and formats. In addition, Google have increased the importance of Ad Rank in determining whether your ad is eligible to be displayed with extensions and formats.

Here are some more details and implications of these changes:

• Ad extensions and formats can now influence the position of your ad on the search results page. If two competing ads have the same bid and quality, then the ad with the more positive expected impact from extensions will generally appear in a higher position than the other.
• When estimating the expected impact of extensions and ad formats, we consider such factors as the relevance, clickthrough rates, and the prominence of the extensions or formats on the search results page.
• Because Ad Rank is now more important in determining whether your ad is shown with extensions and formats, you might need to increase your Quality Score, bid, or both for extensions and formats to appear. 
• In each auction, we'll generally show your highest performing and most useful combination of extensions and formats among those eligible. So there's no need to try to guess which extensions will help improve your clickthrough rate the most. 
• You may see lower or higher average CPCs in your account. You may see lower CPCs if your extensions and formats are highly relevant, and we expect a large positive performance impact relative to other competitors in the auction. In other cases, you may see higher CPCs because of an improvement in ad position or increased competition from other ads with a high expected impact from formats.
• For now, this update only affects search ads appearing on Google Search.

Recommendations for using extensions

Extensions make your ads more useful and can improve your campaign performance. So you should add extensions that make sense for your business type and campaign goals. With these improvements to AdRank, Google systems will do even more to automatically serve extensions in the contexts when they're most beneficial.

For example, consider someone downtown searching on a mobile phone for "auto repair." In this example, the user might be most likely to respond to your ad when they can click to call a phone number or tap a link to get directions to visit in person. So Google may show a combination of call and location extensions with your mobile search ad.

Now imagine if someone were searching for "auto repair" on a laptop computer in the suburbs. Say your ad earned the 3rd ad position above the organic results in this auction. Google might show your seller rating and sitelinks because that's the highest performing and most useful combination of extensions that could be shown with your ad in this particular auction and ad position.

Quality Score Explained by former Google Employee

With the continuing expansion of ad space at the top of the page (from ad extensions like sitelinks with descriptions), it’s more important than ever to make sure your ads have a great ad rank. But CPCs are on the rise – so unless you can improve your conversion rate so you can increase bids, Quality Score (QS) optimization may be your only way to maintain a high rank without breaking the bank.
While I’ve been a panelist representing Google in Quality Score sessions at more conferences than I can remember, I’ve been meaning to put together some of my insights on the topic for a broader audience. So, here goes….

The Evolution Of Quality Score

Even if you don’t care much for a history lesson, it may help paint a picture of why QS exists in the first place, and the evolution of factors may give you some insight into what Google cares about.
When I started working at Google in 2002, Quality Score didn’t exist. But what set Google apart from the other PPC ad systems at the time was how they determined if ads were relevant enough to warrant an impression. In addition to having a team of humans reviewing all ads, the system was also monitoring the click-through rate (CTR) of every keyword — if a keyword’s CTR fell below 0.5%, it would become disabled for poor relevance. Google was using the wisdom of the crowds to let its users determine which ads should show and which shouldn’t.
The problem with disabling keywords at an arbitrary CTR level was that advertisers were unhappy to see some of their keywords disabled forever (unless, of course, they knew of the workaround to resubmit the same keyword with different capitalization). So, we started to evolve the system. Instead of disabling keywords, we came up with new statuses like “slowed,” “in trial” and “on hold.”
The idea was to give advertisers a way to fix low-relevance keywords by giving them a small allowance to run ads that were considered poor quality so that they might prove otherwise. We also gave the system more flexibility so there wasn’t a hard cutoff at the 0.5% CTR level. Ultimately, though, most advertisers still saw keywords they really wanted to advertise on get disabled, and they remained displeased.
Google addressed this with the introduction of the minimum bid. Rather than flat out disabling keywords, they asked advertisers to pay more for keywords that had low relevance — the idea being that eventually, it would make no sense for an advertiser to keep paying the high cost-per-click (CPC), and they’d either optimize the relevance or delete the keyword.
In today’s system, the minimum bid has been engulfed by the first page bid, which also takes into account competition. It’s a little harder to see the direct correlation between what you pay and the quality score, but the connection’s definitely there.
Below is an example of where we see the correlation between the average CPC and the QS in our Quality Score Tracker tool.

As the Quality Score starts to increase, the average CPC in this campaign starts to drop.

Quality Score’s Impact On Ad Rank

When Google launched AdWords Select and started to shift from CPM-based pricing to CPC-based pricing, they couldn’t afford to lose all the revenue from their CPM program (which was called AdWords at the time). They were still a pretty small company, and Yahoo/Overture was a formidable competitor. So, to ensure revenue was maximized, they ranked ads in the CPC program according to a very simple rule:
Ad Rank = Max CPC * CTR
If you take a minute to look at this more closely, you’ll quickly see that ad rank is, in fact, equal to CPM or dollars-per-impression. This was the simple but brilliant insight that made AdWords so powerful — advertisers only had to pay when they got clicks, users would see more relevant ads because ads with high CTRs were more likely to appear high in the results, and Google was making as much money as possible from these ads.
The equation for ad rank is a whole lot more complicated these days and now includes thresholds for appearing at the top of the page, landing page factors, and more. But at the heart of it, the original principle still applies: if Google can show more relevant ads, they will get more clicks, have happier users and make more money. And, the key component for achieving this is CTR.
The importance of CTR to Quality Score is a bit like the importance of TF-IDF to SEO. While there are hundreds of factors that go into ranking in paid or organic search, these long-established principles are still some of the most important ones. In the 80/20 rule, these are your 80 percent factors and the first ones you should pay attention to.

Factors Of QS

While I’ve explained that CTR is a main driver in QS, it’s useful to understand how Google thinks about CTR. After all, there are many things that influence the CTR you see in your account such as the device, the network, or the position of your ad on the page. Thus, the average CTR you see in your account is not the CTR Google uses to determine Quality Score.
To make sure advertisers have a level playing field, they evaluate small slices of CTR.
For example, they look at different CTRs by device type so that your performance on mobile won’t affect your performance on desktops. They also have a different CTR they look at for the Display Network and Google Search — a good thing, since CTR on Display is usually much lower, and you wouldn’t want that to hurt your QS for search.
Where possible, they also favor looking at the CTR when the keyword in your account matches the search query exactly (don’t confuse this with the “exact match” keyword match type), and they normalize the CTR based on the number of ads on the page and your ad’s position amongst them.
Furthermore, Google has to make some guesses before they have a statistically significant amount of CTR data for new accounts, new keywords and new ads, and they do this by evaluating the CTR at different levels as explained in the diagram below.

The various levels at which Google evaluates CTR to determine Quality Score.

As you can see, there are 3 levels of CTR evaluation: the account, the keyword and the ad. These CTR elements are all combined into a secret formula and out comes your keyword-level Quality Score and the corresponding number between 1 and 10 that you can see in your account.

How Quality Score Is Set For New Keywords

When a keyword is new in an account, there is not a strong historical element for how the keyword performs with its ad text (factor 3), so the QS is mostly based on system-wide data for that keyword in all other accounts. That gets combined with data for how this particular account and its ads have performed historically. If these elements have good QS, the new keyword is likely to also start off with a better QS.
To give an example, if you have 2 accounts, you should see a lower starting min bid in the account with the better account-level QS. If you have 2 domains, you will see a lower starting min bid when using the domain that has a better QS.
After the system gets enough data about more specific things, like how the keyword performs with the ad you wrote for it, it will rely much more on this to determine the Quality Score. This is why it’s so important to have great account structure and split up your ad groups in a way that allows you to create great performing ad texts for each grouping of tightly related keywords.

Other Relevance Factors

According to Hal Varian, Google’s Chief Economist, QS also considers “relevance” in addition to CTR. But what does that mean? The easiest way to think about this is once again based on click-through rate — but, rather than using CTR to generate the QS number between 1 and 10 that you see for each keyword in your account, it’s used at the time a user does a search to determine if there are any correlations between that user’s search and your ad that could predict the CTR (Google’s Quality Score is a predictive system that tries to predict CTR for each ad and each query). Some examples:

1. Did the user’s search include some additional words, and do those correlate with your ad’s expected chance of getting clicked? E.g., if you have a job website and want to advertise on the keyword [jobs], your ad is probably not relevant when someone searches for “Steve Jobs.”
2. Does the location of the user have any correlation to your predicted CTR? E.g., if your business is in the US and the searcher is in Belgium, perhaps it’s less likely your ad will get the click because the users may prefer a business closer to them.
3. Does the time or day of week influence your predicted CTR? E.g., Google may know that users are less likely to click on your ad on a Tuesday.

These factors let Google assign you a real-time quality score which they can use to better rank your ad for that particular query. There could be many other “relevance factors,” but just know they’re all based on the same principle of trying to predict the likelihood of your ad getting a click based on something Google knows about that specific query.
While the lack of transparency into the factors may be annoying, this relevance component has helped advertisers by automatically giving them more good clicks and fewer bad ones.

Landing Page Quality Score

The landing page is one of the newer factors used for QS. Landing Page Quality (LPQ) started as a way to counteract bad sites that duped users into clicking their ads and hence had a good CTR but a lousy user experience. Now that LPQ can also improve your QS, it’s getting a lot more attention from advertisers (probably more than it warrants).
Remember, the CTR of your ads is still the bigger QS factor and probably the better thing for most advertisers to focus on optimizing. Every now and then, I hear of advertisers who are spending a ton of time creating one landing page per keyword so that the keyword will appear on the page and score a better LPQ. That’s probably overkill — Google is very good at understanding how words are related, so it’s unnecessary to include every variation on the page.
My personal recommendation is to also keep a close eye on bounce rates and time on site, two metrics you can see directly in AdWords when you link it with Analytics. A high bounce rate or very short time on site both provide a great way for you to find keywords that are not relevant in the minds of users.

Optimizing The Right Elements Of Your Account

If you haven’t guessed by now, optimizing Quality Score is really all about optimizing for CTR. The challenge is to optimize for the right CTR. For example, because Google uses position normalization when determining how your CTR impacts your QS, it could very well be that your ad with a 15% CTR in the top position on Google is actually worse than your 3% CTR ad in the last place on the right side of the page.
You should also look at the impression-weighted Quality Score to determine which keywords and ad groups are most in need of an optimization. I shared a script for automating the calculation with AdWords Scripts.

Give your sitelinks additional detail in enhanced campaigns

Ads that provide detail and precision can help people make more informed decisions.  Sitelinks help people find information deeper in your site so they can get to where they want to go faster.   In February 2012, Google improved sitelinks by using text from other ads in your account or My Client Center to create sitelinks with additional detail.  Today, Adwords going one step further by enabling you to nominate specific text for your sitelink descriptions from within your AdWords account.  This will allow you to control the descriptions that display when this sitelink format shows.

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In testing, users have reported that sitelinks with additional detail were more useful and relevant, and clickthrough rates were significantly higher than the same ad with traditional 2- and 3-line sitelinks.

The new sitelink format with additional detail is available only in enhanced campaigns.  Enhanced campaigns enable you to reach people with the right ads in the right context - location, time of day and device type -  without setting up and managing numerous campaigns. All campaigns will be upgraded to enhanced campaigns on July 22nd.

After upgrading to enhanced campaigns, you will have the option of adding extra text to your sitelinks - simply fill out both lines of the "Description" field when creating a new sitelink or editing an existing sitelink.

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Note that your ads won't always show sitelinks, and when they do, the format that appears could vary.

The core guidelines for sitelinks remain the same with these improvements:

• Sitelinks cannot violate the duplicate sitelink URL policy
• Sitelink text cannot use keyword insertion
• Sitelink text cannot be the same as other sitelinks in the same ad group/campaign or the main ad that’s serving
• In addition to this 4 sitelink view, there is also a 2 sitelink variation

New Image Extensions Enable You to “Show” and “Tell” with Search Ads

Advertisers understand that sometimes it's easier to 'show' rather than 'tell' when promoting a business. As search ads continue to evolve, Google want to make it easier for you to do both. Today Google announcing the beta launch of image extensions, which will allow you to add new visual elements to your search ads.  Adwords added many extensions to search ads to help you be more relevant to users.  Image extensions enable you to more accurately convey the body style of a car, the cut of a pair of jeans, or a particular shade of eyeshadow, making your ads richer and more informative so they stand out in a crowded marketplace.

As the web evolves, Google users expect richer and more diverse content. More than one in six searches on Google today provide results with visual content. Image extensions will show in some cases when we determine that a search is likely for visual content. For example, it is more likely that your image extensions will show for a query like luxury car designs than locations of nearby car dealerships.

You can choose the images that you want displayed with your search ads and send them to Adwords Team for review.  You must have the necessary rights to the the images you wish to display with your ads.  Adwords encourage you to submit your images as they continue to experiment with and improve visual ad formats.

Image extensions are currently running in English globally.

Surviving Google AdWords’ New Enhanced Campaigns

In "Cheaper Clicks from AdWords Coming?,"From a article from Feb. 2012, Someone questioned whether the then unprecedented decline in cost-per-click rates would be a blip or a trend. One year later, Google apparently thinks it's a trend, as Google is requiring all advertisers to adopt its new Enhanced Campaigns.
This will likely reverse the decline in CPC rates that resulted from increased adoption of smartphones and tablets, when advertisers expected lower conversion rates from mobile traffic, and bid down their mobile campaigns. With the new rollout you will still be able to bid down mobile phone clicks, but the way you do that will be much different. If you don’t properly migrate, you’ll be automatically opted into mobile campaigns — paying higher rates — and that could significantly impact the profitability of your campaigns.
To be clear, Google’s transition to Enhanced Campaigns is an important evolution in AdWords, and confers many benefits. It’s important that you prepare for this transition, however, or it could jeopardize the profitability of your campaigns.
Five important changes you should prepare for are as follows.

1. No Segmenting for Tablets

In the past, you’ve been able to segment different campaigns for tablet users and traditional computer users. But now you will no longer be able to. The reason this matters is that many merchants bid their tablet CPCs lower or higher depending on their rate of conversion from tablet users. Since you won’t be able to target unique bids to tablet users, you’ll need to factor this conversion rate impact into your overall bid strategy, which may require you to make significant changes to your bids.

2. No Mobile-only Campaigns

In the past, you’ve been able to create mobile-only campaigns — i.e. smartphones — that target specific keywords, and you’ve been able to adjust bids for individual keywords based on performance. After Enhanced Campaigns rolls out, however, you will have less control. You will have to adjust your smartphone CPC rates, on the campaign rather than the keyword level, by creating “mobile bid adjustments.”
This screenshot shows how the campaign level bid adjustments looks for mobile devices. In this case we’re setting the mobile bid adjustment to 20 percent. In other words, if you are bidding $1 per click on desktops/tablets, your bid for smartphones will be reduced 20 percent to $0.80.

Campaign level bids will need to be adjusted for mobile devices.

3. Campaigns Automatically Opted-in to Mobile

This is perhaps the biggest reason to take control of your migration to Enhanced Campaigns, by following prompts Google will display inside your account, like the one below.

Campaigns will automatically be upgraded to Enhanced.
If Google automatically upgrades you to Enhanced Campaigns, than your campaigns will automatically be opted into Google's mobile network, and you will be paying higher rates for mobile clicks than might be profitable for you. This has the potential to hurt a lot of small businesses who don’t know any better.
The right time to migrate may not be now, however. Once you migrate you cannot revert. If your campaigns are already designated by device, you may want to wait a few months and migrate immediately before the forced upgrade takes place. Companies operating smaller campaigns that just target searches from traditional computers, however, can migrate to Enhanced Campaigns as soon as they’d like.

4. Sitelinks Now Available at the Ad Group Level

In the past, Sitelinks — i.e., additional links below the main body of the pay-per-click ad — could only be setup at the Campaign level. But now they can be setup at the Ad Group level. To understand why this is important, consider the example of an online retailer bidding on the phrase “baseball cleats.” In the screen shot below, you’ll see the advertiser has Sitelinks set up — advertising “Name Brands Up To 80% Off,” “Gift Cards,” “New Arrivals,” and “Baseball Bats.”

Sitelinks can now be set up at the Ad Group level. In this example, Sitelinks are "Name Brands Up To 80% Off Every Day - Gift Cards - New Arrivals - Baseball Bats."
The reason these Sitelinks are so unspecific is that you can only set Sitelinks up at the Campaign level, which means the advertisers had to select generic Sitelinks that applied not only to, say, baseball cleats, but myriad related concepts. Now that Sitelinks can be set at the Ad Group level, the Sitelinks could be more targeted to concepts like “Popular Cleats,” “Clearance Cleats,” or “Nike Cleats.” This will result in a more effective and more profitable ads.
The screen shot below shows the interface for creating a Sitelink, and how they can be automatically adjusted based on the time of day, or day of week. You can also set a mobile preference to target specific Sitelinks to mobile users.

Google's interface for managing Sitelinks.

5. Offer Extensions Now Available at the Ad Group Level

This screenshot details the offer extension interface, which allows you to highlight time-sensitive offers directly within your ads. For example, if your conversion rates on “Baseball cleats,” plummet over the weekend, you can schedule special sales for Saturday and Sunday that will automatically stop on Monday.

The offer extension interface.

Conclusion

I talk with many online retailers who spend thousands of dollars per month on AdWords, and less than two hours per month on the management of those campaigns. Enhanced Campaigns is likely only one of many major changes Google will make to AdWords this year. Retailers who do not continually optimize their campaigns — in light of the changes — will incur higher costs. In the case of Enhanced Campaigns, in particular, there is a big cost to ignoring the upgrade.